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1) Please introduce yourself. Sylvia Alip. I have no family members who live in Korea, currently. I have a mother, father, and brother in the Philippines currently. I am 31 years old. 2) Where is your working place back in your country and what is your specialty? I work in Manila Philippines as a urologic surgeon. 3) How did you get to know Severance? Why did you choose Severance as your training hospital? I chose Severance has a lot of renowned urologic surgeon who teach specific surgeries. The hospital is a high-volume institution for this particular robotic operation 4) How long is your training period in Korea? One year 5) Which area did you focus on during your fellowship at Severance? My focus is on robotic uro-oncology under my supervisor, Dr. Woong Kyu Han. 6) What is the most impressive feature of Severance Hospital? The state-of-the-art technology in Severance Hospital is most impressive. In my field, most especially, latest models of the robotic systems for patient surgery are all available 7) What are the specific contents of your fellowship program at Severance? My fellowship program is focused on Robotic Urologic Oncology. This includes surgery for kidney, prostate, bladder cancer, and other genitourinary surgical operations. 8) What was your first impression of Korea? Knowing Korea to be a first-world country, I was of the impression that the country was technologically-advanced, especially in the field of medicine. 9) What is the best memory so far during your stay here? My best memories are from doing the robotic surgeries under the supervision of my Professors. 10) Who are you most thankful for at Severance (who helped you the most) & why? I am most thankful for my co-fellows who have made my experience worthwhile. Living in a foreign country during a pandemic is not easy, but they have made it so. I am also thankful for my mentors, especially Dr. Han who has given me numerous opportunities for learning in and outside of Severance Hospital.
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- 작성자International Office
- 작성일2021-06-14
- 137
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1) Please introduce yourself. Hello, my name is Dr. Mudit Shah. I am 30 years old and married. I have my parents and a sister back home in India. 2) Where is your working place back in your country and what is your specialty? I work in Mumbai, India specializing in Paediatric Orthopaedics. 3) How did you get to know Severance? Why did you choose Severance as your training hospital? I came to Severance hospital on the recommendation of my senior consultant in India, Dr. Chasanal Rathod. She was a fellow here at Severance hospital a few years back. Since, I was interested in neuromuscular Paediatric Orthopaedics, she suggested me to train under Prof. HyunWoo Kim at Severance as he is the best in this field. 4) How long is your training period in Korea? One year 5) Which area did you focus on during your fellowship at Severance? My focus is on learning Neuromuscular deformity management in Paediatric Orthopaedics. My training supervisor is Prof Hyun Woo Kim who is a stalwart in this field. 6) What is the most impressive feature of Severance Hospital? I think Severance hospital is one of the most advanced hospitals I have witnessed in terms of the equipment and the technology it has for providing medical and surgical care. For me the size of the Operating Room complex with almost 50 rooms is absolutely astonishing and amazing. The sheer number of operative cases in the operating room every day helps a budding surgeon like me to develop his skills even more. Severance is also a big centre for research work and they have all facilities to help a researcher do some good original work. 7) What are the specific contents of your fellowship program at Severance? The most important focus of my fellowship is neuromuscular deformity management. It does not only include surgical skills but how a multi-specialty approach helps in decision making. It includes upper limb, lower limb and spine deformities in neuromuscular diseases. General Paediatric cases along with emergency patients of trauma and infection are also part of my training curriculum. I am also doing original research work with my mentor, Prof Kim. Associate professor Dr. Park, is helping me gain some experience with animal research at the Yonsei University Avison biomedical research centre. 8) What was your first impression of Korea? This was the first time that I came out of my country for academic purposes and I was very apprehensive about the language, weather and the food. But I have absolutely loved the kindness and the warmth of the people of this country. The rich history, culture with the most amazing food of Korea does not make me miss home. I think I have blended well with the Korean culture. The discipline of the people to prevent the spread of corona virus is something the world should learn. The beauty of the city changes every season and it was absolutely stunning to watch the colors of autumn leaves when I had just landed here. I can’t wait for the cherry blossom season. 9) What is the best memory so far during your stay here? It's difficult to put one memory but I think visiting the countryside to see the autumn leaves, having Korean food with friends and multiple hiking trips are just a few of the many memories that I will take back to India. On the academic front, I think having those healthy discussions with the professor on pre-operative cases and research topics early Monday morning would be something I would definitely miss. 10) What are your thoughts and feelings about the way Korea is dealing with COVID-19, and what is the situation like in your home country? In these extremely difficult times, I think Korea is outstanding in dealing with the pandemic. Not just with the first but with the second wave too. People in Korea are evolved and aware of the situation and they take all necessary precautions to prevent the spread of the virus. Being a developing country with the second biggest population in the world, India was severely affected in terms of number of cases but I am also glad that India is one of the biggest suppliers of the covid vaccine in the world and it is on a path to recovery. 12) Who are you most thankful for at Severance (who helped you the most) & why? It is a long list. Firstly I would like to thank my supervisor and my mentor, Prof Kim, who has not just been a very good teacher but a great host. Prof Kim and the international office have been very supportive to make my travel and movement from India to Seoul very smooth. I would like to thank the medical mission centre for providing me with the Avison fellowship and being like family away from home. I would like to thank Dr. KunBo Park for allowing me to be a part of his surgical team. I would like to thank the ‘workforce’ of the department, the residents of Paediatric Orthopaedics, who have been patient and have helped me a great deal in understanding the department, the culture and life in Korea. Lastly but very importantly, I would like to thank my colleagues and co-fellows with whom I have made great memories and a lifelong friendship - Dr. Lorenzo, Dr. Thanya, Dr. Sharkawy, Dr. Sylvia, Dr. Pichmanil. 13) If you were to get the chance to come back, which field of clinical study would you like to focus on? If I get a chance, I would come back to learn some new surgical techniques and sharpen my skills with Prof Kim. At the same time, I would also like to come back to understand my shortcomings and deficiencies and improve on them with some healthy discussion with Prof Kim.
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- 작성자International Office
- 작성일2021-06-14
- 139
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1) Please introduce yourself. Name: Mona Rae Evangelista Age: 36, turning 37 on February 27 Family members: I am the eldest among 2 children. My mother, father and younger brother are all engineers. I am the only doctor in the family. I have a son who is a smart and good boy. 2) Where is your working place back in your country and what is your specialty? The Medical City in Metro Manila, Philippines Obstetrics and gynecology 3) How did you get to know Severance? Why did you choose Severance as your training hospital? Severance has been the pioneer in Robotic Surgery in Asia. Also, two of my senior co-residents, who graduated ahead of me in my residency training, went to Severance hospital for fellowship training as well. They gave exceptional feedback on their experiences here. 4) How long is your training period in Korea? One year 5) Which area did you focus on during your fellowship at Severance? Minimally invasive surgery – laparoscopy and robotics in Gynecology 6) What is the most impressive feature of Severance Hospital? As my job description is inside the operating room in the cancer center, what impressed me the most are the equipments, machines, and instruments. They are all new and up-to-date. 7) What are the specific contents of your fellowship program at Severance? I am learning techniques in laparoscopy and robotics, in both benign and malignant gynecologic cases.The trend has been geared towards minimally invasive surgery, which – when done efficiently, can reduce the patients’ hospital stay, recovery period, and overall morbidity. It is aesthetically pleasing as well, as there is reduced scarring after the operation. 8) What was your first impression of Korea? Korea is so hip and modern.The country has been popular all over the world for its exciting K-dramas, cool K-pop artists, awesome skincare products, and of course good food. 9) What is the best memory so far during your stay here? My best memory of course is my experience in the hospital, specifically in the Yonsei Cancer Center operating room. The staff, residents, fellows and professors have been so warm and has made my daily experiences very worthwhile. I feel like this is my second home. 10) What are your thoughts and feelings about the way Korea is dealing with COVID-19, and what is the situation like in your home country? Korea has been outstanding in dealing with Covid-19. In my country, contact tracing has been a challenge. This is in contrast to Korea, wherein each person has his own QR code that is used to enter restaurants and other public establishments – for more efficient contact tracing. Covid testing has been very quick and efficient for anyone coming in the country, or anyone who has symptoms. Masks are wore everywhere and at all times. My country, the Philippines, have fluctuating numbers of daily Covid cases. My fellow countrymen are not so lucky in terms of having free Covid-19 testing. Most people still pay for a large fee because not everyone has a health insurance, and not all types of health insurance cover the fee for the Covid test.And as stated previously, contact tracing has been a primary challenge. Therefore, the government just emphasize the importance of social distancing, wearing of masks and face shields – while waiting for the Covid vaccine. 12) Who are you most thankful for at Severance (who helped you the most) & why? I am most thankful to Professor Kim Sang Wun. He has been so accommodating in my stay here in Korea. He has been so patient as well, teaching me not just the surgical techniques but the principles behind it. He has been considerate, especially when I have to attend to some emergency personal or family matters. We sometimes have meals together after work – sometimes in the operating room cafeteria, sometimes outside the hospital (along with the other residents and fellows) - and during those times, he would be so approachable and we would have nice conversations about my goals and aspirations in my career path. 13) If you were to get the chance to come back, which field of clinical study would you like to focus on? I would like to focus on gynecologic oncology, and the updates and trends in the surgical and medical management of different gynecologic cancers.
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- 작성자International Office
- 작성일2021-06-14
- 129
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1) Please introduce yourself. My name is Lorenzo Salvatore Solimeno, I am 29 years old and I have one sister (she is in her bachelor to become MD) and one brother (he's studying mathematical engineering). My mother is a radiologist and my father works for the Ministry of Transport in Italy. 2) Where is your working place back in your country and what is your specialty? I am a post-graduate year 4 ENT resident at Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, one of the largest and most important hospital in Milan, Italy. My University is the Università Statale di Milano, one of the most important all around Europe. 3) How did you get to know Severance? Why did you choose Severance as your training hospital? Armando de Virgilio, one of Prof Se-Heon Kim's fellow who studied at Yonsei University 10 years ago is one of my colleague - and friend - in Italy and he described this university as one of the most important, technologically-advanced and ambitious one all around the world. That's exactly what I was looking for in my international experience. 4) How long is your training period in Korea? Unfortunately only 6 months because I could not do more since I have to get my Otolaryngologist degree in Italy as I come back in March 2021. 5) Which area did you focus on during your fellowship at Severance? I focused mainly on head and neck surgery, but above all robotic surgery: Professors like Se-Heon Kim and Yoon Woo Koh are internationally known robotic and head and neck skilled and experienced surgeons. 6) What is the most impressive feature of Severance Hospital? As far as my experience was concerned, I think the most impressive feature of Severance Hospital was its technologically vision of modern medicine and surgery: we are heading towards that kind of world and Severance is surely one of the most advanced hospitals throughout the world. 7) What are the specific contents of your fellowship program at Severance? I focused on head and neck and robotic surgery. Professor Kim and Professor Koh are two of the most known leaders in this field and it has been a privilege for me to work with them. Their role in advancing robotic surgery in a difficult anatomical area such as the head and neck has been one of the most important landmarks in this kind of surgery. 8) What was your first impression of Korea? I had already been here in 2019 for one of the most important robotic congresses in the world. I think Korea is one of the most beautiful countries I have ever visited: for its landscape, its food (really good) and for its people! You are really funny and nice all the time! 9) What is the best memory so far during your stay here? The trip with all my colleagues to Busan: I love the sea and I like all the food I ate there, fantastic experience! 10) What are your thoughts and feelings about the way Korea is dealing with COVID-19, and what is the situation like in your home country? With respect to Italy, here it is like paradise! Everyone respects masks-wearing and social distancing. Unfortunately we are living hard times, but you as Koreans did and are still doing very well, I think! 12) Who are you most thankful for at Severance (who helped you the most) & why? Of course Professors like Kim, Koh and Choi are very unique but I should really thank also their Assistant Professor, who are Prof. Dahee Kim, Prof. Lim Gilchai and Prof. Park. They helped me a lot in getting the most out of this fantastic experience. I also have to thank all my cofellows, without them this experience would not have been so fantastic: Mudit from India, Manil from Cambodia, Thanya from Thailand and Sylvia from Philippines. 13) If you were to get the chance to come back, which field of clinical study would you like to focus on? I would definitely choose the same field or the rhinology one, those are the 2 fields I am most interested in.
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- 작성자International Office
- 작성일2021-06-14
- 56
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1) Please introduce yourself. First Name: Periklis Family Name: Koukourikis Age: 31 years 2) Where is your working place back in your country and what is your specialty? Working place: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Specialty: Urology 3) How did you get to know Severance? Why did you choose Severance as your training hospital? Severance Hospital is a well-recognized hospital and one of the busiest robotic centers in the world. During my search for a fellowship, I have got a lot of information through the hospital website and from the Endourology Society website, which is affiliated with Severance Hospital as a training center. I chose Severance Hospital for my training because the Urology Department in Severance Hospital is well-known globally for their academic, clinical, and surgical achievements. 4) How long is your training period in Korea? I will stay for one year fellowship training program, I started my training in February 2020. 5) Which area did you focus on during your fellowship at Severance? The area is Minimally Invasive Surgery & Robotic Urological Surgery. 6) What is the most impressive feature of Severance Hospital? Severance Hospital is a milestone of Korean Medical History. I was impressed when I learned that this is the oldest western-type hospital in Korea. Another important feature is the fact that the first Medical school was also opened here, where the first Medical students in Korea were educated. Firstly, I was introduced to the history of the Severance Hospital by a small museum that exists in the main building, but I learned more details during my Severance International Fellowship - Prime Course(SIF-PC). 7) What are the specific contents of your fellowship program at Severance? I am a Urologist and I graduated recently from my residency program in Greece, took the Greek and European exams for the urology board successfully. The main content of my fellowhsip in Severance was Urologic oncology. This fellowship is focused on treating patients diagnosed with malignancy of the urinary system using minimally invasive techniques. It includes the use of robotic assistance for surgery but also laparoscopy. Furthermore, I had the chance to be involved in functional urology surgeries, treating patients with incontinence and bladder outlet obstruction. 8) What was your first impression of Korea? I didn’t know a lot of things about Korea before coming for my fellowship. I had watched documentaries about the Korean War, as Greece helped that period by sending soldiers here, and I knew that the country was destroyed during the war. Now, I can see a very developed country in all sectors, credits to Koreans, who work very hard and made their country develop very rapidly after the war. This is also obvious in my everyday training : Everyone is doing their best for the patient. 9) What is the best memory so far during your stay here? Every single day living in Korea is unique and I have many nice memories. The most interesting part was meeting people from different cultures and discussing with them about various aspects of life. I have made a lot of friends during my stay in Korea, Koreans and also people from other countries. I learned many things through discussions and my horizons have been broadened. 10) What are your thoughts and feelings about the way Korea is dealing with COVID-19, and what is the situation like in your home country? Korea managed the COVID-19 pandemic very effectively. To be honest, I was a a bit worried about the situation when I arrived in February 2020 as it was the first country after China where the virus occurred. However, I understood that I will be safer here than being in any other place in the world. Greece managed the first wave pretty well, a lockdown was performed for almost 3 months, from March to May, and the number of cases and deaths was relatively low compared to other European countries. However, as in every European country, the second wave of COVID-19 is more severe. My colleagues back home are giving a big fight with the virus. I hope this situation to be finished soon and all the people around the world to be healthy. 12) Who are you most thankful for at Severance (who helped you the most) & why? I got help from many people in Severance and I am thankful for them. My special thanks to Severance Academy(International Office) and the staffs (Mrs. Lee & Mrs. Park) who guided me in collecting the appropriate documents for my training and visa application. The OR staff and nurses were supporting and made me understand the everyday working routine. Of course, I am grateful to my supervisor for my robotic and laparoscopy skills improvement. Finally, I would like to thank Prof. Woong Kyu Han and Prof. Jang Hwan Kim who let me be involved in their surgeries. 13) If you were to get the chance to come back, which field of clinical study would you like to focus on? I believe that I made the right decision and chose Urologic oncology as my main field of studying and training in Korea. Severance is a referral center for these cases and the experience of treating so many cases is very important for my future career. If I would have the chance to come back I would like to be trained more in other sub-specialties of Urology such as functional and female urology as well as in endourology.
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- 작성자International Office
- 작성일2021-06-14
- 53
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1) Please introduce yourself. Abdulrahman Alqahtani, I’m 34 year old and three family members 2) Where is your working place back in your country and what is your specialty? I’m working at King Abdulaziz Medical City- National Guard as interventional radiology fellow. 3) How did you get to know Severance? Why did you choose Severance as your training hospital? Severance hospital is very well-known, and I knew Severance Hospital from the my colleague, who was a fellow in this great hospital. 4) How long is your training period in Korea? 15 months for Interventional radiology fellowship 5) Which area did you focus on during your fellowship at Severance? Who is your supervisor? My supervisor is Professor Man-Deuk Kim and I’m focusing on Korean-style interventional radiology and learning IR skills for vascular and non vascular intervention. 6) What is the most impressive feature of Severance Hospital? Severance Hospital has one of the top health care system of medical professionals with extensive patient care, variety of medical and surgical treatments and high medical technology. The most impressive is the huge number of patients and hospital staffs working very hard with high standard for patients care. The medical training is outstanding with involvement in patient’s care and research projects. The medical professionals are well-qualified with great experiences. 7) What are the specific contents of your fellowship program at Severance? My clinical fellowship in interventional radiology, which is a sub-specialty of radiology, focuses on performing non-invasive treatment under guidance of imaging for variety of diseases including vascular and non-vascular interventions, interventional oncology including liver cancer chemo and radioembolization, cancer ablation therapies, bleeding embolization, vascular accesses and also including women health such as treatment of uterine fibroids, ovarian Endometrioma and postpartum hemorrhage. Severance Hospital is one of the best centers in Korea with variety of cases and large number of procedures in daily basis, with enrollment in academic activities and researches, which makes my fellowship experience even more valuable. 8) What was your first impression of Korea? The modernity and history of the country caught my attention when I first arrived in Korea and what most impressed me was the kindness and respectfulness of Korean people. South Korea is very safe and organized. The transportation is great. 9) What is the best memory so far during your stay here? During my stay in South Korea, my family were very happy when my child was born in Korea. In addition, one of the best memories was during the fall season, when we enjoyed the beautiful tree color changes and the nature. 10) What are your thoughts and feelings about the way Korea is dealing with COVID-19, and what is the situation like in your home country? I came to South Korea in March 2020 in the beginning of the Pandemic and I was amazed of how Korea was dealing with this pandemic in a professional way to control the spread of the disease. Korean people are well-educated and applying all the precautions. 12) Who are you most thankful for at Severance (who helped you the most) & why? I’m most thankful and grateful to Professor Man-Deuk Kim, who has introduced me the Korean-style skills in interventional radiology. Professor Man-Deuk Kim is highly professional and well-known worldwide and has novel technique for treatment of ovarian Endometrioma without surgery and I learned a lot from him so far. I’m so glad to have this great opportunity to be an IR fellow in severance hospital. Also, I’m thankful for all professors in intervention radiology, co-fellows, residents, nurses and technologist, they are so helpful, and I also learned a lot from them.
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- 작성자International Office
- 작성일2021-04-05
- 228
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- 작성자제중원보건개발원
- 작성일2021-03-09
- 237
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A preliminary investigation was conducted for Education and Research Empowerment for Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute project (KOICA project) on January. This project was structured and suggested to lead strengthen medical education, nursing education, industry-academia cooperation, and research power of Tashkent Pediatric Medicine Institute and this preliminary survey was aimed at grasping the validity and effectiveness of the project. The preliminary investigation should have been based on a site visit, but due to the COVID-19 situation, remote investigation was conducted. The remote survey mainly consisted of interviews with the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, which is the target institution and through meetings with rector and professors in charge of education, the demand for the project was identified and the contents of the project were specified. In addition to Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, investigation team had interviews with the Ministry of Health and Higher Education of Uzbekistan, National Children’s Medical Center, and the National Chamber of Innovative Healthcare to explain the project, seek consultations on the project, and identify demand. After the completion of the preliminary investigation, the final result report was submitted last month and KOICA's review was conducted in mid-February. After KOICA's review, if the budget for the project passes this year's review by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the National Assembly, the project will start in earnest from next year, 2022.
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- 작성자제중원보건개발원
- 작성일2021-03-02
- 294
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The Global Engagement & Empowerment Forum on Sustainable Development (GEEF) was held online at Yonsei University on February 4-5, 2021. It is an annual international event, organized by the Institute for Global Engagement & Empowerment (IGEE), the Ban Ki-moon Foundation for a Better Future, and the Ban Ki-moon Centre for Global Citizens(BKMC), where all stakeholders, including global leaders and experts, convene to collaborate towards accomplishing the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. GEEF 2021, as the cornerstone for fulfilling the mission and vision of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs), was organized under the theme of “3Ps(Peace, Prosperity and Partnership) Beyond Security,” focusing on the need for facilitating global partnerships, multilateralism and sustainable development. Shinki An, Director of Yonsei Institute for Global Health, Yonsei University Health System Among the 10 sessions highlighting digitalization, global health, and education crises as well as the SDGs, Yonsei Institute for Global Health(YIGH) organized a Featured Session with the title of “Safe & Affordable Surgery : Strategic Plan to Achieve Equitable Access to Surgical Care in the Asia Pacific Region.” The moderator Shinki An, Director of YIGH, led the discussion with 4 panelists on how safe and affordable surgery fits in a sustainable health system, especially in the Asia Pacific region. Ifereimi Waqainabete, Minister of Health and Medical Services, Republic of Fiji COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the significance of a strong and resilient health system in maintaining health and sustainability. Such health system is achieved through equitable access to safe and affordable surgery. Ifereimi Waqainabete, Minister of Health and Medical Services, Republic of Fiji, emphasized that it is essential to provide adequate healthcare services despite the challenges caused by the pandemic and natural disasters. John Gerard Meara, Kletjian Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine in the field of Global Surgery, Professor of Surgery, Harvard University Surgery saves the lives of millions of people every year and improves their quality of life. Medical personnel trained for surgical procedures improve the quality of medical care, and logistics systems designed to maintain surgeries enable a stable supply of medicines. Yet, 5 billion people do not have access to safe and affordable surgical care. This issue is most prominent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where 9 out of 10 people are unable to access true surgical care, resulting in surgery avertible deaths and disabilities. John Gerard Meara, Professor of Surgery at Harvard University, pointed out the importance of surgery fitting in healthcare as an equal participant, as an added benefit, to a holistic health care system. Tae Soo Kim, Executive Director of Export-Import Bank of Korea Recognizing the importance of safe and affordable surgery, the World Health Organization Regional Committee Meeting for Western Pacific received the approval of the Action Framework for Safe and Affordable Surgery from all member states in October 2020. Tae Soo Kim, Executive Director of Export-Import Bank of Korea, highlighted the importance of global cooperation in the health sector to move toward the future of Co-prosperity. Hyunwon Kim, Director General of Climate Crisis & Pandemic Response Department of Korea International Cooperation Agency, also asserted the need for planning a mid to long term pathway and roadmap to eventually achieving the affordable and safe surgery, which is best implemented through international cooperation. Hyunwon Kim, Director General of Climate Crisis & Pandemic Response Department of Korea International Cooperation Agency The speakers shared insights from the perspectives of a member state, an academic, and multilateral development agencies. Specific action plans that need to be enforced in order to achieve equitable access to safe and affordable surgery were laid out in the session.
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- 작성자제중원보건개발원
- 작성일2021-02-26
- 264
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The Global Engagement & Empowerment Forum(GEEF) 2021 on Sustainable Development (SD), is an annual international events, organized by the Institute for Global Engagement & Empowerment (IGEE), Yonsei University and the Ban Ki-moon Centre for Global Citizens, where all stakeholders, including global leaders and experts, convene to collaborate towards accomplishing the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Medical Mission Center, Yonsei Institute of Global Health held the Featured Session 5, "Global Partnership & Higher Education: Postgraduate Medical Education in Africa: the status quo and challenges" Featured Session 5 Global Partnership & Higher Education Postgraduate Medical Education in Africa: the status quo and challenges Speakers • [Co-moderator] Dr. Chin Pak Director, Medical Mission Center, Yonsei Institute for Global Health, Yonsei University Health System • [Co-moderator] Dr. Paul Choi Director, International Program, Medical Mission Center, Yonsei University Health System • [Keynote Presenter] Dr. Mike Chupp CEO, CMDA(Christian Medical Dental Association); former medical superintendent of Tenwek Hospital, Kenya; faculty for PAACS(Pan-African Academy of Christian Surgeons), General Surgeon • Dr. Mark Oloo General Surgeon, St. Luke Medical Centre, Kismu, Kenya • Dr. Jin-Kyong Chun Medical Director of Africa Future Foundation Zimbabwe; Volunteer Lecturer, Dept. of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences • Dr. Betty Abbo Kasimo Medical Officer Special Grade of Makerere University, Uganda; International fellow, Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Health System • Dr. Dong-Won Kang Representative of Africa Future Foundation Zimbabwe; Volunteer Lecturer, Dept. of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences Session Overview Medical education consists of undergraduate and postgraduate training. Postgraduate training includes participating in residency training and continuing education programs. Postgraduate training is important for medical school graduates to develop their specialities. However, postgraduate training in Africa is not standardized in each country. Recently many domestic and international institutions started working together to improve postgraduate training in Africa. The speakers discussed the status quo and challenges of postgraduate training from the perspectives of a local professor, students, and international health workers. During the session, the speakers touched upon the impact of postgraduate training on the Christian medical mission and how COVID-19 has affected the postgraduate medical training in Africa. Keynote Presentation Dr. Mike Chupp “The mission of PAACS is to train and disciple African surgeons to glorify God and to provide excellent and compassionate care to those most in need.” “Frankly, African nationals, in my experience, were usually better and more culturally sensitive to the care of their own people and what their own people culturally needed in care. There's a slow but steady nationalization of many department positions that occurs because of this training, graduate training.” By the end of 2020, a post-graduate training program in surgery, called the Pan African Academy of Christian Surgeons (PAACS), a 501©3 organization based in the USA, had produced 117 fully trained surgeons in sub-Saharan Africa to reside and practice in sub-Saharan Africa. These post-graduate surgical training programs are found in 13 hospitals in 8 African countries: Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Gabon, Niger, and Egypt. Most of the graduates completed a five-year training program in general surgery accredited by Adventist medical school, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, in southern California, USA, but others completed specialty training in orthopedics, pediatric surgery, and head and neck Surgery. Newer training specialties include cardiac surgery and neurosurgery. The PAACS program is a collaborative effort between Loma Linda University School of Medicine, PAACS, and thirteen Christian mission teaching hospitals across the Africa continent. Graduates in the East African programs have been examined and certified under the auspices of the College of Surgeons of East, Central and South Africa (COSECSA) and have been licensed by medical boards in the countries of the respective training programs. Teaching faculty came primarily from the USA as volunteers in the first decade of the program but African faculty, including many of the graduates, have played an increasing role as the programs have matured and reproduced with graduates taking leadership roles in the original training programs as well as other mission hospitals. Graduates of the PAACS training program have remained on the continent and are actively providing surgical care in underserved populations of 21 Africa countries. New surgical specialty training programs are scheduled to start in 2021/22 in the specialties of obstetrics and gynecology, anesthesia, surgical endoscopy, and plastic surgery. The PAACS program envisions expanding to several other countries across the continent with the goal of having PAACS graduates in 36 countries by 2026. Panel Discussion Co-Moderator; Dr. Chin Pak “I realized in the medical school that it’s not my 100% responsibility to be a good doctor. Then who shares the responsibility? My school, medical school and the Korean government shares the responsibility to provide curriculum and infrastructure and ecosystem.” “We will not discuss how to push, how to force medical student to study hard to be a good doctor. But we will discuss how we can provide a good curriculum and good system to make competent doctor.” Co-Moderator; Dr. Paul Choi “How do you incorporate the motto of Tenwek Hospital ‘We treat. Jesus Heals’ into the PAACS program?” Dr. Mark Oloo “The greatest thing that you come to learn once you leave the PAACS program and learn to appreciate is it was a program that was brought up fundamentally, in the Christian basis. We did a lot of things that were leading towards taking care of the patient in a wholesome way.” My post graduate training was under the umbrella of Pan African Academy of Christian Surgeons (PAACS) at Tenwek Hospital in Western Kenya. It is a training program that is associated with College of Surgeons of Eastern, Central and Southern Africa (COSECSA). The program is broken into 2 levels the membership (MCS) level and the Fellowship (FCS). On has to complete the membership level before advancing to the fellowship level. Before introduction of the fellowship model of postgraduate, all the postgraduate training in Kenya for medicine was through master’s programs in the universities. The main challenges facing the trainees is availability of training positions. The country produces about 600 medical doctors from the undergraduate training but does not have adequate postgraduate positions to absorb them. In addition, some institutions may provide some programs but don’t have the basic capacity to run them. In a number of programs, the trainee has to pay fees and work on the side. During my stay at Yonsei University I noticed without a doubt that we in Africa lacked infrastructure. Availability of modern and sometimes basic equipment is a big issue. Funding remains a big problem especially for research and development. For specialized training, many of our trainees have to go out of the country for fellowships. I had a fellowship in laparoscopy at Yonsei University in mid 2019. For the impact of the Christian Medical Mission, as time goes by missionary work has reduced in training, but this largely may be due to the impact of COVID-19. Fewer foreign visits thus fewer people with much required expertise. The pandemic also affected all the postgraduate master’s programs as all universities initially closed but have slowly opened for classes again. Dr. Jin-Kyong Chun “For the successful implications of postgraduate program, we must know each condition of the specific medical society and supply the 3 key components: adequate resources, manpower, and proper income.” “A wholesome approach of building strong relationships, though it may take time, should be the first step.” The need of postgraduate training is facing new challenge because of COVID-19 Pandemic. The supply of medical consumables, recently developed medications, and guarantee of living fee during training period are not enough in developing countries. My observation in Zimbabwe medical society urged me to attend this forum and I’d like to introduce real situation that I have experienced. Usually, we don’t know well about the tradition of targeting countries and approach the problem with our own method. However, this kind of effort might not be successful because the environment is totally different and multifactorial elements are involved in medical system. When we implicate postgraduate training, three major determinants for improving clinical training system in Africa medical societies need to be considered. The first one is adequate resources to do clinical practice in line with up-to -date knowledge. The second one is manpower. For successful practice with high-level technology, meticulous patient care is required. Therefore, skillful nursing staff and on-call doctor system should be operated in cooperation. And the last one would be a proper income which guarantees stable practice and continuity of health workers. If economic situation is unstable, which is a usual situation of Africa, patients are not able to visit clinic for the treatment even with a persistent pool of patients. Therefore, after education, steadfast support is strictly required for the purpose of continuous clinical practice. Dr. Betty Abbo Kasimo “These challenges call for innovative approaches in medical education. … Collaborative approaches such as consortia formation by stakeholders, if met, will actually improve the efficiency and effectiveness in terms of training.” The state of medical education in sub- Saharan Africa has been lagging behind. The region is extremely short of the required number of qualified health professionals. The challenges call for innovative approaches in medical education. Collaborative approaches such as consortia formation by stakeholders have been shown to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Collaboration among country’s medical school was not done in Africa and Uganda in particular in the past. This was seen as a challenge in the face of differing organizational cultural context. Up-to-date Ugandan universities still don’t have exchange programs. The challenges faced during postgraduate are lack of adequate funding of basic and social services due to political mismanagement, inadequate salaries lead to brain drain, shortage of supervisors, and stringent regulatory environment regarding training of health workers. Other barriers include insufficient infrastructure such as internet shutdown in Uganda, and lack of modern diagnostic equipment. The impact of postgraduate training on the mission is that gaps will be identified during the training. This will enable the mission to promote strong collaborative and provide mutual support, as well as sharing of resources for medical education to improve the quality of postgraduate training. The effect of COVID-19 on postgraduate training have been serios. There is a lack of personal protective equipment, suspension of clinical clerkship and observation, reduction in the number of elective cases. The trainee’s mental health has been affected and online learning is often interrupted due to poor internet network. Dr. Dong-Won Kang “Provision of adequate research opportunities to postgraduate students may be accomplished through efforts to secure stable funding resources in African countries.” “Establishment of more efficient networking bodies responsible for facilitation of connecting the available funding resources to the appropriate researchers is desirable. At the same time, further incessant efforts to recruit more research funds from various sources, like from those outside of the country, seem to be also required.” Scientific and medical research is one of major areas where the health workers such as medical doctors and nurses must seek continuously throughout their profession because it is the basic, methodological norm through which whole medical knowledge is systematically standardized. In area of clinical pharmacology, researches to find the possible candidates for medicinal products from the natural herbs are frequently tried by postgraduate students because there are ample targets in African environment that have been known to have medicinal effects for various diseases. However, one of the major obstacles for researches is the scarcity of funding resources. The individual postgraduate students have to find their funding resources to perform research by themselves, and this has been frequently the cause of delay in researches or failure of continuing researches. Currently, some of the researches are supported from funds set up by South African Institutions or WHO although they are yet limited. To resolve the current situation, establishing more efficient networking body responsible for facilitation of matching the available funding resource to the appropriate researcher is necessary. At the same time, further incessant efforts to recruit more research funds from various sources like from outside of the country are also required.
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